新人教版 | 选择性必修三 Unit 1单词及课文全套录音+文本
Unit 1 Words and Expressions
precise/prɪˈsaɪs/ adj. 准确的；精确的
What is western art? It is hard to give a precise definition. As there have been so many different styles of western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand western art is to look at the development of western painting over the centuries.什么是西方艺术？很难给出一个精确的定义。由于西方艺术有如此多不同的风格，不可能在一篇简短的文章里把它们全部描述出来。也许理解西方艺术的最好方法是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。 The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century)中世纪（5世纪至15世纪)
During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337). While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment. In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是教人们有关基督教的知识。因此艺术家们对写实的场景并不感兴趣。他们的作品通常较为粗糙且二维化，主体人物往往比其他人物大得多，以显示他们的重要性。13世纪，由于乔托·迪·邦多纳，这种情况开始发生变化。虽然他的画仍然带有宗教主题，但他们表现的是真实环境中的真实人物。尤其是他的绘画作品，更是以其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他绘画作品中脱颖而出。 The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century)文艺复兴时期 (14世纪至17世纪) New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result, painters concentrated less on religious themes. They began to adopt a more humanristic attitude to life. An important breakthrough (突破)during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401-1428). Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Michelangelo (1475-1564), and Raphael (1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.从中世纪开始，新的观念和价值观逐渐取代了旧的观念和价值观，因此，画家们就很少关注宗教主题了。他们开始对生活采取更人性化的态度。这一时期的一个重要突破是马萨乔对透视法的运用。一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇、米开朗基罗和拉斐尔，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创造出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。 Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.另一个创新是油画颜料的使用。一些最好的油画以及深邃的色彩和现实主义风格，看起来就像照片一样。尽管早在达·芬奇时代画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他获得了“光影大师”的雅称。
In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.在题材上，重点越来越从宗教主题转移到人和我们周围的世界。国王、贵族和地位高的人都想购买他们自己和他们所爱的人的精确照片，还有人想要展示重要历史事件或神话故事的画作。最后，大多数客户想要看起来既漂亮又有趣的画作。
Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)印象派 (19世纪末20世纪初) The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century. After that paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this,Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840-1926) called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene— the subjective impression the scene gave him— but not a detailed record of the scene itself.西方艺术发展缓慢，直到19世纪中叶摄影术的发明。在那之后就不再需要绘画来保存人类和世界的面貌了，因此，画家们不得不寻找一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。由此印象派在法国出现了。这一新运动的名字来自克劳德·莫奈的画作《印象·日出》。在这部作品中，莫奈的目的是表达场景中的光和运动，这是场景给他的主观印象，但不是场景本身的详细记录。 While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841-1919), focused on people. Unlike the cold, black-and white photographs of that time period, Renoir's paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.虽然许多印象派画家描绘自然或日常生活的场景，但其他画家，如雷诺阿，则专注于(描绘)人。与那个时代冷色的黑白照片不同，雷诺阿的绘画充满了光、影、色彩和生机。他不仅力图表现他笔下人物的外在形象，而且还力图表现他们内在的温暖和人性。 Modern Art (from the 20th century to today)现代艺术 (20世纪到今天)
After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, "What do we do next? Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973) tried to analyze the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality. Still others turned to abstract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “what is art?”继印象派之后，后来的艺术家们开始问：“下一步我们要做什么？”像毕加索这样的画家试图用一种新方法——立体主义来分析自然界中存在的形状，另一些人则赋予了他们的画作一种现实但梦幻般的质感，还有人转向抽象艺术。他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出一个问题：“什么是艺术？”
ANCIENT CHINESE ART ON SHOW
中国古代艺术展览
The Richfield Museum of Fine Art is proud to present our new exhibition, "from Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages." Join us as we explore more than 3,000 years of wonderful art from the Middle Kingdom. From bronze bowls to ceramic vases, and jade sculptures to ink wash paintings, our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times.
里奇菲尔德美术博物馆很荣幸为您介绍我们的新展览—— “从商朝到清朝：历代中国艺术” 。加入我们一起来探索来自中央王国（即中国，译者注）具有 3,000 多年历史的美妙艺术。从青铜碗到陶瓷花瓶，从玉雕到水墨画，我们的目标是展示中国古代的艺术天分。
The highlight of this exhibition is the painting Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass, one of the great works of TangYin (1470-1524). Born during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service, so he turned to painting instead. In time, he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists China has ever known. This painting, showing high mountains, trees, and houses covered in snow, was made with extraordinary skill. Though it is over 500 years old, it looks as fresh and full of life as the day it was created.
本次展览的亮点是唐寅 (1470—1524) 的杰作之一—《函关雪霁图》。唐寅出生在明朝，他曾试图考取文官，但失败了，所以他转而从事绘画。最终，他被公认为中国有史以来最伟大的艺术家之一。这幅画运用了非凡的技巧，展现了高山、树木和被雪覆盖的房屋。虽然它已经有500多年的历史了，但看起来清新且充满生机，就像刚被创作出来一样。
Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty (1600 BCE-1046 BCE). While the artists who made these great works are not known, they showed great skill in creating these beautiful pieces. Some of the items on display are thought to have come from the collection of Emperor or Qianlong (1711- 1799), a great admirer of Shang Dynasty bronze.
同样十分重要的（看点）是来自商代（公元前 1600一公元前 1046) 的近百件青铜器藏品。虽然不清楚创作这些伟大作品的艺术家是谁，但他们在创作这些美丽的作品时表现出了高超的技艺。其中一些展品袚认为是乾隆皇帝(1711一1799) 的收藏品，乾隆皇帝十分赞赏商朝的青铜器。
Finally, we have many fine examples of Tang Dynasty (618-907) sculptures. Most of these are of Buddhist origin. Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier, it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century. During this same period, trade along the Silk Road also boomed. Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road. These works were intended to spread Buddhism and they are of exceptional beauty and quality. Looking at the faces of the figures in these sculptures, one sees the faces of the past. History is brought to life.
最后，我们还有许多唐代(618—907)的雕塑精品。这些雕塑中大多数与佛教有关。虽然很早之前佛教便传入了中国，但直到公元7世纪它才真正开始传播开来。与此同时，丝绸之路沿线的贸易也蓬勃发展。因此，中国雕塑深受由印度和中亚经丝绸之路传来的佛教艺术的影响。这些作品是为了传播佛教，而且它们外观精美、品质上乘。看着这些雕塑中人物的脸，你会看到过去的面孔。历史被赋予了生命。
This is just a small taste of what is instore for you in this exhibition. We guarantee that "From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages" will transport you to another time with its amazing collection of works.
这只是本次展览供您参观的展品中的一小部分。我们保证“从商朝到清朝：历代中国艺术”展将凭借其令人惊叹的藏品让你穿越至另一个时代。
"From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages" will run until November 25th.
“从商朝到清朝：历代中国艺术” 展将持续到11月25日。
Opening hours are from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., from Tuesday to Sunday (the museum is closed on Mondays). No one will be admitted into the exhibition after 4:30 p.m.
开放时间为星期二到星期日的上午9点到下午5点（博物馆星期一闭馆）。下午四点半以后不准任何人进入展馆。
Admission: $10 for adults; $8 for students; $5 for children under 12; free for children under 5.
门票：成人10美元；学生8美元；12岁以下儿童5美元；5岁以下儿童免费。
No photos or food and drink are allowed in the museum.
博物馆内禁止拍照和饮食。
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